Top Women in History, image created by Dinis Guarda, Wisdomia.ai

60 Revolutionary Women in Science and Technology

Women, Technology, and AI: Shaping the Third Evolutionary Force

“Nothing in life is to be feared, it is only to be understood. Now is the time to understand more, so that we may fear less.” Marie Curie (1867–1934)

As we stand on the precipice of a new technological revolution — one where artificial intelligence promises to reshape human existence as profoundly as agriculture and industrialisation did before it — the question of gender balance becomes not just a matter of equality but of existential importance.

Throughout history, technologies have often reflected and reinforced the biases of their creators. From medicinal research that excluded female test subjects to voice recognition software that struggled to understand women’s voices, we have seen time and again how technologies designed primarily by men can fail to account for the needs, experiences, and biological realities of women. In a world increasingly mediated by algorithms and artificial intelligence, these blind spots have the potential to calcify into our digital infrastructure, creating systems that perpetuate historical inequities in new and potentially more intractable ways.

The solution lies not in slowing technological progress but in ensuring that women are equal participants in its creation and governance. When women engineers design healthcare algorithms, they’re more likely to account for sex-specific symptoms of heart attacks. When women data scientists build facial recognition systems, they’re more likely to ensure these systems work equally well across gender and racial lines. When women ethicists shape AI governance frameworks, they bring perspectives that might otherwise be overlooked.

The statistics are sobering: women remain significantly underrepresented in AI research and development. This imbalance threatens to create a future where technology exacerbates rather than ameliorates gender disparities. Yet there is cause for optimism. Organizations worldwide are working to close the gender gap in technology through education initiatives, mentorship programs, and workplace reforms. Young women are entering STEM fields in increasing numbers, bringing fresh perspectives and innovative approaches.

As we commemorate International Women’s Day, we must recognize that achieving gender balance in technology is not merely about fairness to individual women — though that alone would justify the effort. It is about ensuring that the powerful tools we are creating serve humanity in its entirety, not just those who have traditionally held power. It is about building AI systems that recognize the full spectrum of human experience, that are trained on diverse data sets, and that are developed with an awareness of how technology intersects with gender, race, class, and other aspects of identity.

The women whose stories we’ve explored today — from early computer programmers like Ada Lovelace to modern pioneers like Grace Hopper — remind us that women have always been essential to technological advancement, even when their contributions were minimized or erased. As we shape the third evolutionary force of human existence, we have an unprecedented opportunity to create technologies that embody the wisdom, creativity, and diverse perspectives of all humanity.

On this International Women’s Day, I celebrate women and let us commit not only to highlight women’s achievements and continuing the empowerment for gender equality in all spheres of life but also to ensuring that the artificial intelligence systems that will increasingly shape our world reflect the rich tapestry of human experience — regardless of gender. For in this balance lies our best hope for a future where technology serves as a force for liberation rather than limitation, for connection rather than division, for the flourishing of all rather than the privilege of few.

Top women in science and technology collage by Dinis Guarda for Wisdomia.ai

Celebrating Women Pioneers in Technology and AI

I want to celebrate my list of top 50 women in science and technology that change the way we look at research and development history.

Throughout the centuries, women have made groundbreaking contributions to science and technology despite facing significant barriers to education, professional recognition, and equal opportunities. These remarkable women pioneers have transformed our understanding of the natural world, developed life-saving innovations, and created foundational technologies that continue to shape our modern society. Their achievements span diverse fields from astronomy and mathematics to medicine, computer science, and beyond, representing cultures and regions from around the globe.

My list of Top Women in Science and Technology Who Changed Research and Development History

Throughout the centuries, women have made groundbreaking contributions to science and technology despite facing significant barriers to education, professional recognition, and equal opportunities. These remarkable women pioneers have transformed our understanding of the natural world, developed life-saving innovations, and created foundational technologies that continue to shape our modern society. Their achievements span diverse fields from astronomy and mathematics to medicine, computer science, and beyond, representing cultures and regions from around the globe. Bellow my list / slection of 60 top women that have shifted science and technology and changed research and development of society.

top 60 women in history of science and technology, Dinis Guarda for Wisdomia.ai

60 Revolutionary Women in Science and Technology

Ancient World to Renaissance

1.Hypatia (c. 370–415 CE): Greek mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher in Alexandria, Egypt. She wrote commentaries on ancient mathematical texts and taught mathematics and astronomy to students from across the Mediterranean.

• Achievement: First well-documented woman in mathematics, preserved and improved important mathematical and astronomical texts.
• Quote: “Reserve your right to think, for even to think wrongly is better than not to think at all.”

2. Aglaonice (2nd or 1st century BCE): Greek astronomer from Thessaly who could accurately predict lunar eclipses.

• Achievement: First female astronomer of ancient Greece who understood celestial mechanics well enough to predict eclipses.
• Quote: “I make the moon disappear from the sky.” (attributed to her abilities, later seen as evidence of her astronomical knowledge)

3. Merit-Ptah (c. 2700 BCE): Ancient Egyptian physician, possibly the first named woman physician in history.

• Achievement: Rose to become “Chief Physician” in ancient Egypt.
• Quote: While no direct quotes survive, her title “Chief Physician” on her tomb inscription speaks to her authority.

4. Trotula of Salerno (11th-12th century): Italian medical practitioner and writer who focused on women’s health.

• Achievement: Authored influential texts on women’s medicine that were used in medical schools for centuries.
• Quote: “For it is especially necessary for women to help other women.”

5. Hildegard of Bingen (1098–1179): German Benedictine abbess, writer, composer, philosopher, and medical practitioner.

• Achievement: Documented hundreds of medicinal plants and their uses, and wrote original works on natural science.
• Quote: “The earth is at the same time mother. She is mother of all that is natural, mother of all that is human.”

6. Sophie Germain (1776–1831): French mathematician who made important contributions to number theory and elasticity theory.

• Achievement: Made groundbreaking progress on Fermat’s Last Theorem with her work on “Sophie Germain primes.”
• Quote: “Algebra is nothing more than geometry, in words; geometry is nothing more than algebra, in pictures.”

19th Century

7. Mary Somerville (1780–1872): Scottish science writer and polymath, studied mathematics and astronomy.

• Achievement: Her book “On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences” (1834) revealed Neptune’s existence before its discovery.
• Quote: “I was intensely ambitious to excel in something, for I felt in my own breast that women were capable of taking a higher place in creation than that assigned to them in my early days.”

8. Mary Anning (1799–1847): English fossil collector and paleontologist who discovered many important Jurassic marine fossil beds.

• Achievement: Discovered the first complete ichthyosaur skeleton, as well as the first two plesiosaur skeletons.
• Quote: “The world has used me ill… these men of learning have sucked my brains, and made a great deal of publishing works, of which I furnished the contents, while I derived none of the advantages.”

9. Ada Lovelace (1815–1852): English mathematician and writer, known for her work on Charles Babbage’s early mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine.

• Achievement: Wrote the first algorithm intended to be carried out by a machine, making her the world’s first computer programmer.
• Quote: “That brain of mine is something more than merely mortal; as time will show.”

10. Elizabeth Blackwell (1821–1910): British-American physician, the first woman to receive a medical degree in the United States.

• Achievement: Founded the New York Infirmary for Women and Children in 1857.
• Quote: “For what is done or learned by one class of women becomes, by virtue of their common womanhood, the property of all women.”

11. Florence Nightingale (1820–1910): English social reformer, statistician, and founder of modern nursing.

• Achievement: Pioneered the use of statistical graphics (particularly the polar area diagram) to communicate complex medical data.
• Quote: “I attribute my success to this: I never gave or took an excuse.”

12. Maria Mitchell (1818–1889): American astronomer who discovered a comet and became the first female professional astronomer in the United States.

• Achievement: Discovered “Miss Mitchell’s Comet” (C/1847 T1) in 1847, for which she received a gold medal from the King of Denmark.
• Quote: “We especially need imagination in science. It is not all mathematics, nor all logic, but it is somewhat beauty and poetry.”

13. Mary Agnes Chase (1869–1963): American botanist who specialized in the study of grasses and became a leading agrostologist of her time.

• Achievement: Collected over 10,000 specimens during expeditions in Brazil and other parts of South America, many previously unknown to science.
• Quote: “The world was my garden.”

14. Annie Jump Cannon (1863–1941): American astronomer who classified hundreds of thousands of stars according to their spectra.

• Achievement: Developed the Harvard Classification System for stars, which is still used today.
• Quote: “Classification is fundamental to all sound intellectual work.”

15. Sofia Kovalevskaya (1850–1891): Russian mathematician who made significant contributions to analysis, partial differential equations, and mechanics.

• Achievement: First woman to obtain a doctorate in mathematics, first female professor in Northern Europe.
• Quote: “It is impossible to be a mathematician without being a poet in soul.”

16. Hertha Ayrton (1854–1923): British engineer, mathematician, physicist, and inventor who researched electric arcs and sand ripples.

• Achievement: Awarded the Hughes Medal by the Royal Society for her work on electric arcs and ripples in sand and water.
• Quote: “An error that ascribes to a man what was actually the work of a woman has more lives than a cat.”

17. Ana Roqué de Duprey (1853–1933): Puerto Rican educator, suffragist, and astronomer who founded the first women’s-only magazine in Puerto Rico.

• Achievement: Self-taught botanist and astronomer who established the College of Mayagüez, later part of the University of Puerto Rico.
• Quote: “Knowledge is the subtle essence which distinguishes a woman from an automaton.”

18. Alice Ball (1892–1916): African American chemist who developed an injectable treatment for leprosy (known as the “Ball Method”).

• Achievement: Created the most effective treatment for leprosy in the early 20th century at age 23.
• Quote: Though she left no recorded quotes, her legacy speaks through her work which saved countless lives.

19. Marie Curie (1867–1934): Polish-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity.

• Achievement: First person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields (Physics in 1903 and Chemistry in 1911).
• Quote: “Nothing in life is to be feared, it is only to be understood. Now is the time to understand more, so that we may fear less.”

20. Lise Meitner (1878–1968): Austrian-Swedish physicist who contributed to the discovery of nuclear fission.

• Achievement: Led the team that discovered nuclear fission, though her colleague Otto Hahn received the Nobel Prize.
• Quote: “Science makes people reach selflessly for truth and objectivity; it teaches people to accept reality, with wonder and admiration.”

20th Century: First Half

21. Emmy Noether (1882–1935): German mathematician known for her groundbreaking contributions to abstract algebra and theoretical physics.

• Achievement: Noether’s theorem, which explains the connection between symmetry and conservation laws in physics.
• Quote: “My methods are really methods of working and thinking; this is why they have crept in everywhere anonymously.”

22. Janaki Ammal (1897–1984): Indian botanist who conducted research in cytogenetics and phytogeography.

• Achievement: Developed several hybrid crop varieties, including a sweeter sugarcane that could grow in Indian conditions.
• Quote: “Science is a human endeavor, pursued by humans with human curiosity.”

23. Gerty Cori (1896–1957): Czech-American biochemist who became the first American woman to win a Nobel Prize in science.

• Achievement: Discovered the Cori cycle, explaining how cells convert glycogen to glucose and back, crucial for understanding metabolism.
• Quote: “With a research grant of one’s own, one is free to take more risks.”

24. Irène Joliot-Curie (1897–1956): French physicist and chemist, daughter of Marie and Pierre Curie.

• Achievement: Received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with her husband for discovering artificial radioactivity.
• Quote: “We cannot hope to build a better world without improving the individual.”

25. Barbara McClintock (1902–1992): American scientist and cytogeneticist who discovered mobile genetic elements.

• Achievement: Discovered genetic transposition (“jumping genes”), receiving the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983.
• Quote: “If you know you are on the right track, if you have this inner knowledge, then nobody can turn you off… no matter what they say.”

26. Chien-Shiung Wu (1912–1997): Chinese-American experimental physicist who made significant contributions to nuclear physics.

• Achievement: Conducted the Wu experiment, which disproved the “law of conservation of parity” in physics.
• Quote: “It is shameful that there are so few women in science… There is a misconception in America that women scientists are all dowdy spinsters.”

27. Maria Goeppert Mayer (1906–1972): German-born American theoretical physicist who developed the nuclear shell model of the atomic nucleus.

• Achievement: Second woman to win a Nobel Prize in Physics (1963) for her discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure.
• Quote: “Mathematics began to seem too much like puzzle solving. Physics is puzzle solving, too, but of puzzles created by nature, not by the mind of man.”

28. Dorothy Hodgkin (1910–1994): British biochemist who developed protein crystallography.

• Achievement: Determined the structure of penicillin, vitamin B12, and insulin using X-ray crystallography, winning the Nobel Prize in 1964.
• Quote: “I was captured for life by chemistry and by crystals.”

29. Rachel Carson (1907–1964): American marine biologist and conservationist whose book “Silent Spring” advanced the global environmental movement.

• Achievement: Her work led to the nationwide ban on DDT and other pesticides and helped create the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
• Quote: “The more clearly we can focus our attention on the wonders and realities of the universe about us, the less taste we shall have for destruction.”

30. Elsie Widdowson (1906–2000): British dietitian and nutritionist who pioneered the scientific study of nutrition.

• Achievement: Co-created the first UK food composition tables and studied the nutritional needs during wartime rationing.
• Quote: “If the scientists have the right answer in the laboratory, it is the responsibility of government to implement it.”

31. Hedy Lamarr (1914–2000): Austrian-American actress and inventor who pioneered the technology that would form the basis for today’s WiFi, GPS, and Bluetooth.

• Achievement: Co-invented frequency-hopping spread spectrum technology during World War II, now foundational to modern wireless communications.
• Quote: “All creative people want to do the unexpected.”

32. Katherine Johnson (1918–2020): African American mathematician whose calculations of orbital mechanics at NASA were critical to the success of U.S. crewed spaceflights.

• Achievement: Calculated the trajectory for Alan Shepard’s 1961 space flight and verified computer calculations for John Glenn’s orbit around Earth.
• Quote: “Like what you do, and then you will do your best.”

33. Rosalind Franklin (1920–1958): British chemist whose X-ray diffraction images of DNA were crucial to understanding DNA’s structure.

• Achievement: Captured “Photo 51,” the X-ray image that revealed the double-helix structure of DNA.
• Quote: “Science and everyday life cannot and should not be separated.”

34. Grace Hopper (1906–1992): American computer scientist and U.S. Navy rear admiral who was a pioneer of computer programming.

• Achievement: Developed the first compiler for a computer programming language and was instrumental in creating COBOL.
• Quote: “The most dangerous phrase in the language is, ‘We’ve always done it this way.’”

20th Century: Second Half

35. Katherine Johnson (1918–2020): NASA mathematician whose calculations were critical to U.S. crewed spaceflights.

• Quote: “Like what you do, and then you will do your best.”

36. Margaret Hamilton (1936-): Computer scientist who led the team that created the onboard flight software for NASA’s Apollo missions.

• Quote: “Looking back, we were the luckiest people in the world. There was no choice but to be pioneers.”

37. Jane Goodall (1934-present): British primatologist and anthropologist considered the world’s foremost expert on chimpanzees.

• Achievement: Her 60+ year study of chimpanzees in Tanzania revolutionized our understanding of primate behavior and human evolution.
• Quote: “What you do makes a difference, and you have to decide what kind of difference you want to make.”

38. Valentina Tereshkova (1937-present): Soviet cosmonaut who became the first and youngest woman to fly in space.

• Achievement: Completed 48 orbits around Earth in Vostok 6 in 1963, when she was just 26 years old.
• Quote: “Once you’ve been in space, you appreciate how small and fragile the Earth is.”

39. Jocelyn Bell Burnell (1943-present): Northern Irish astrophysicist who discovered the first radio pulsars.

• Achievement: Discovered pulsars as a graduate student in 1967, though her supervisor received the Nobel Prize for the breakthrough.
• Quote: “I believe it would be sensible to share it out a bit, but I’d rather see it go to people who are in need.”

40. Vera Rubin (1928–2016): American astronomer who pioneered work on galaxy rotation rates, providing evidence for the existence of dark matter.

• Achievement: Her observations of galactic rotation proved the existence of dark matter, transforming our understanding of the universe.
• Quote: “Science progresses best when observations force us to alter our preconceptions.”

41. Annie Easley (1933–2011): Computer scientist, mathematician, and rocket scientist at NASA.

• Quote: “If you want it and if you are capable of doing it, just don’t give up. Aim for the stars.”

42. Tu Youyou (1930-present): Chinese pharmaceutical chemist and malariologist who discovered artemisinin, used to treat malaria.

• Achievement: Received the Nobel Prize for her discovery of artemisinin, which has saved millions of lives from malaria.
• Quote: “Every scientist dreams of doing something that can help the world.”

43. Karen Spärck Jones (1935–2007): Pioneer of information retrieval and natural language processing.

• “Computing is too important to be left to men.”43. Sau Lan Wu (1940-present): Chinese American particle physicist who has played a major role in the discovery of subatomic particles.
• Achievement: Led teams that discovered the J/psi particle, the gluon, and participated in the discovery of the Higgs boson.
• Quote: “In this field, you have to be a fighter. If you want to assert yourself, you have to be a fighter.”

44. Françoise Barré-Sinoussi (1947-present): French virologist who discovered HIV.

• Achievement: Identified HIV as the cause of AIDS, winning the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2008.
• Quote: “Science is a tool to fight stigma and discrimination.”

45. Flossie Wong-Staal (1947–2020): Chinese-American virologist and molecular biologist who was the first to clone HIV and determine its function.

• Achievement: First scientist to clone HIV and map its genes, vital to developing HIV tests and treatments.
• Quote: “Science should have no boundaries. No border or political issues should be a barrier.”

46. Elizabeth Blackburn (1948-present): Australian-American molecular biologist who discovered telomerase.

• Achievement: Received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering telomerase, the enzyme that replenishes telomeres.
• Quote: “Good science doesn’t cut itself off from other ways of knowing.”

47. Shafi Goldwasser (1958-): Cryptography pioneer and Turing Award winner.

• Quote: “Cryptography is about communication in the presence of adversaries.”

48. Radia Perlman (1951-): Invented the spanning-tree protocol (STP) and is known as the “Mother of the Internet.”

• Quote: “The world would be a better place if more engineers, like me, hated technology. The stuff I design, if I’m successful, nobody will ever notice.”

49. Ann Tsukamoto (1952-present): American medical scientist who helped isolate human blood stem cells.

• Achievement: Co-patented a method to isolate human stem cells, essential for understanding leukemia and advancing stem cell therapies.
• Quote: “Scientific discovery often comes from looking at failures differently than others.”

50. Mae C. Jemison (1956-present): American engineer, physician, and former NASA astronaut who became the first Black woman to travel in space.

• Achievement: Served as science mission specialist on Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992.
• Quote: “Never be limited by other people’s limited imaginations.”

51. Marian Croak (1955-): Invented Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), holds over 200 patents.

• “If you really want to create a successful team, you need to create a very welcoming, diverse environment.”

52. Donna Strickland (1959-present): Canadian optical physicist who became the third woman to receive the Nobel Prize in Physics.

• Achievement: Invented chirped pulse amplification for lasers, with applications in corrective eye surgeries and machining.
• Quote: “We need to celebrate women physicists because they’re out there… I’m honored to be one of those women.”

53. Quarraisha Abdool Karim (1960-present): South African epidemiologist who pioneered HIV prevention research for women.

• Achievement: Demonstrated that antiretrovirals can prevent sexual transmission of HIV and developed tenofovir gel, the first HIV prevention technology for women.
• Quote: “Science can help us defeat AIDS, but outside of a test tube, you need social consensus, political commitment and people-centered responses.”

54. Corinna Cortes (1961-), a distinguished Danish computer scientist born on 31 March 1961, is renowned for her significant contributions to machine learning. Currently holding the position of Vice President at Google Research in New York City, Cortes has earned accolades such as being recognised as an ACM Fellow and receiving the esteemed Paris Kanellakis Award for her groundbreaking work on the theoretical foundations of support vector machines.

• Quote: In retrospect I must say that being a manager or being a priest I don’t really know if there’s that much of a difference, right, it’s all about guiding lost souls.

55. Jennifer Doudna (1964-present): American biochemist known for her pioneering work in CRISPR gene editing.

• Achievement: Co-invented CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing technology, winning the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2020.
• Quote: “The beauty of science is that it’s a human endeavor, so it’s continually being refined and improved.”

56. Emmanuelle Charpentier (1968-present): French microbiologist, geneticist, and biochemist known for her work on the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system.

• Achievement: Co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing a method for genome editing.
• Quote: “We scientists are like artists: what we discover helps humanity.”

57. Fei-Fei Li (1976-): AI researcher, co-director of Stanford’s Human-Centered AI Institute. Chinese-American computer scientist, non-profit executive, and writer who specializes in AI and computer vision.

• “AI is made by humans, intended to behave by humans, and, ultimately, to impact human lives and human society.”
• Achievement: Created ImageNet, a critical dataset that advanced the development of deep learning and AI systems.
• Quote: “AI is made by humans, intended to behave by humans, and, ultimately, to impact human lives and human society.”

58. Maja Pantić: (1970_). Maja Pantic is a Professor of Affective and Behavioral Computing and leader of the i·BUG group and the AI Scientific Research Lead in Facebook London, working on machine analysis of human non-verbal behaviour and its applications to human-computer, human-robot, and computer-mediated human-human interaction. In 2020, Pantić assumed the role of AI Scientific Research Lead at Facebook London, having published over 150 technical papers and gathered more than 7300 citations for her work.

• Quote: “Artificial intelligence is the technology that should be a legacy for the whole human race.”

59. Joy Buolamwini (1989-): Founder of the Algorithmic Justice League, researching bias in AI. Joy Adowaa Buolamwini is a Canadian-American computer scientist and digital activist formerly based at the MIT Media Lab.

• “Who codes matters, how we code matters, why we code matters.”

60. Timnit Gebru (1983-): AI ethics researcher and co-founder of Black in AI. Timnit Gebru is an Eritrean Ethiopian-born computer scientist who works in the fields of artificial intelligence (AI), algorithmic bias and data mining.

• “AI is not inevitable. It’s something that we create. And we can actually tackle some of these problems if we want to.”

celebrating women, image created with AI. image by Dinis Guarda generated with AI

Sources and References

My article on Wisdomia.aa Top 50 Women That Changed Our World and the History of the International Women’s Day

Books and Academic Works

1. Alic, M. (1986). Hypatia’s Heritage: A History of Women in Science from Antiquity through the Nineteenth Century. Beacon Press.
2. Rossiter, M. W. (1982). Women Scientists in America: Struggles and Strategies to 1940. Johns Hopkins University Press.
3. Ogilvie, M. B. (1986). Women in Science: Antiquity through the Nineteenth Century. MIT Press.
4. Schiebinger, L. (1989). The Mind Has No Sex? Women in the Origins of Modern Science. Harvard University Press.
5. Rayner-Canham, M., & Rayner-Canham, G. (1998). Women in Chemistry: Their Changing Roles from Alchemical Times to the Mid-Twentieth Century. Chemical Heritage Foundation.
6. Des Jardins, J. (2010). The Madame Curie Complex: The Hidden History of Women in Science. Feminist Press.
7. Oreskes, N. (1996). Objectivity or Heroism? On the Invisibility of Women in Science. Osiris, 11, 87–113.
8. Fara, P. (2004). Pandora’s Breeches: Women, Science and Power in the Enlightenment. Pimlico.
9. Ignotofsky, R. (2016). Women in Science: 50 Fearless Pioneers Who Changed the World. Ten Speed Press.
10. Hargittai, M. (2015). Women Scientists: Reflections, Challenges, and Breaking Boundaries. Oxford University Press.

Articles and Digital Resources

1. IEEE Milestone Program. (2022). Hedy Lamarr and George Antheil: Spread Spectrum Radio, 1941. https://ethw.org/Milestones:Hedy_Lamarr_and_George_Antheil
2. Nobel Prize Outreach. (2024). Women who changed science. https://www.nobelprize.org/womenwhochangedscience/
3. Nature. (2020). Ten women in science and engineering who should be household names. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00101-9
4. Science History Institute. (2023). Women in Science. https://www.sciencehistory.org/learn/women-in-science
5. American Physical Society. (2022). Women in Physics. https://www.aps.org/programs/women/
6. Association for Women in Science. (2024). AWIS Research and Reports. https://www.awis.org/research-and-reports/
7. UN Women. (2023). Women in Science: Pioneers, Leaders, and Innovators. https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/multimedia/2020/2/infographic-visualizing-the-data-women-in-stem
8. Harding, S. (1991). Whose Science? Whose Knowledge? Thinking from Women’s Lives. Cornell University Press.
9. Keller, E. F. (1985). Reflections on Gender and Science. Yale University Press.
10. Schiebinger, L. (2014). Women and Gender in Science and Technology. Routledge.

Regional and Cultural Perspectives

1. Kumar, N. (2009). Women and Science in India: A Reader. Oxford University Press.
2. Lykknes, A., Opitz, D. L., & Van Tiggelen, B. (Eds.). (2012). For Better or For Worse? Collaborative Couples in the Sciences. Springer Basel.
3. Kohlstedt, S. G., & Longino, H. (Eds.). (1997). Women, Gender, and Science: New Directions. Osiris, 12.
4. Watts, R. (2007). Women in Science: A Social and Cultural History. Routledge.
5. Paisley, F., & Schreuder, Y. (2016). Transnational Knowledge Transfer: The Dynamic Interchange between Germany, Britain, America and Australia. De Gruyter Oldenbourg.
6. Nakayama, S., & Low, M. F. (Eds.). (1999). Beyond Joseph Needham: Science, Technology, and Medicine in East and Southeast Asia. Osiris, 13.
7. Abir-Am, P. G., & Outram, D. (Eds.). (1987). Uneasy Careers and Intimate Lives: Women in Science, 1789–1979. Rutgers University Press.
8. Ortiz-Gómez, T., & Santesmases, M. J. (Eds.). (2016). Gendered Drugs and Medicine: Historical and Socio-Cultural Perspectives. Routledge.
9. Creese, M. R. S. (1998). Ladies in the Laboratory? American and British Women in Science, 1800–1900: A Survey of Their Contributions to Research. Scarecrow Press.
10. Hassan, F. (2017). Women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) in the Latin America and the Caribbean Region. UNESCO Science Report.

Top 10 Women in Technology

Before we look to the future, let us acknowledge ten remarkable women who have shaped the landscape of technology and artificial intelligence, pioneering advancements that continue to transform our digital world: